Model comparison
Gemma 3 1B vs GPT-5.6 Luna
GPT-5.6 Luna is the stronger model overall, scoring 54.6 to 21.1 on the Noometry Index.
Last verified . 3 shared benchmarks.
GoogleSummary
- They share 3 benchmarks with published results for both. Gemma 3 1B scores higher in 0 categories and GPT-5.6 Luna in 4 categories; 4 gaps are clear of the uncertainty.
- The widest gap is in math, where GPT-5.6 Luna leads 77.7 to 10.2.
- The biggest single-benchmark swing is OTIS Mock AIME 2024-2025: 1.1% for Gemma 3 1B and 98.3% for GPT-5.6 Luna.
- Gemma 3 1B has downloadable open weights; the other is API-only.
Side by side
| Gemma 3 1B | GPT-5.6 Luna | |
|---|---|---|
| Provider | OpenAI | |
| Noometry Index | 21.1 | 54.6 |
| Released | 2025-03-12 | 2026-07-09 |
| Weights | Open | Proprietary |
| Context window | — | 1.05M |
| Max output | — | 128K |
| Input $ / M tokens | — | $0.20 |
| Output $ / M tokens | — | $1.20 |
| Results tracked | 4 | 52 |
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Category by category
Coding Not comparable
Gemma 3 1B: —, GPT-5.6 Luna: 54.5 (#28)
| Benchmark | Gemma 3 1B | GPT-5.6 Luna |
|---|---|---|
| DeepSWE | — | 67.2% |
| FrontierCode | — | 39.8% |
| CursorBench | — | 35.9% |
| LMArena WebDev | — | 1519 |
| SciCode | — | 53.6% |
| WeirdML | — | 60.9% |
| LMArena Coding | — | 1466 |
| ALE-Bench | — | 1,667 |
Agentic & Tool Use GPT-5.6 Luna leads
Gemma 3 1B: 13.7 (#152), GPT-5.6 Luna: 34.4 (#45)
| Benchmark | Gemma 3 1B | GPT-5.6 Luna |
|---|---|---|
| APEX-Agents | — | 43% |
| Berkeley Function Calling Leaderboard | 7.2% | — |
| BALROG | — | 45.6% |
| GDP.pdf | — | 22.7% |
| Vending-Bench 2 | — | 4,095 |
Reasoning GPT-5.6 Luna leads
Gemma 3 1B: 19.2 (#264), GPT-5.6 Luna: 47.6 (#43)
| Benchmark | Gemma 3 1B | GPT-5.6 Luna |
|---|---|---|
| Chess Puzzles | 0% | 40% |
| ARC-AGI-2 | — | 59.5% |
| SimpleBench | — | 46.8% |
| Kagi LLM Benchmark | — | 49.1% |
| NYT Connections (extended) | — | 69.4% |
| ARC-AGI-1 | — | 88% |
| CritPt | — | 20.6% |
| LMArena Hard Prompts | — | 1451 |
| Mystery Game Puzzles | — | 21% |
| DTBench | — | 89.1% |
| LMCA | — | 48.5% |
| Surface Evolver Bench | — | 61.9% |
| Epoch Capabilities Index | — | 156.39 |
Math GPT-5.6 Luna leads
Gemma 3 1B: 10.2 (#316), GPT-5.6 Luna: 77.7 (#14)
| Benchmark | Gemma 3 1B | GPT-5.6 Luna |
|---|---|---|
| OTIS Mock AIME 2024-2025 | 1.1% | 98.3% |
| FrontierMath (Tiers 1-3) | — | 82.1% |
| FrontierMath Tier 4 | — | 61% |
| ProofBench | — | 60% |
| LMArena Math | — | 1458 |
Knowledge GPT-5.6 Luna leads
Gemma 3 1B: 7.0 (#314), GPT-5.6 Luna: 58.5 (#34)
| Benchmark | Gemma 3 1B | GPT-5.6 Luna |
|---|---|---|
| GPQA Diamond | 19.9% | 91.6% |
| SimpleQA Verified | — | 41% |
| LMArena Expert | — | 1478 |
Multimodal Not comparable
Gemma 3 1B: —, GPT-5.6 Luna: 42.7 (#28)
| Benchmark | Gemma 3 1B | GPT-5.6 Luna |
|---|---|---|
| LMArena Vision | — | 1258 |
| Blueprint-Bench 2 | — | 22.6% |
| Furniture Assembly | — | 42.5% |
| LMArena Document | — | 1457 |
Multilingual Not comparable
Gemma 3 1B: —, GPT-5.6 Luna: 52.8 (#78)
| Benchmark | Gemma 3 1B | GPT-5.6 Luna |
|---|---|---|
| LMArena Non-English | — | 1417 |
| LMArena Chinese | — | 1470 |
| LMArena French | — | 1456 |
| LMArena German | — | 1454 |
| LMArena Japanese | — | 1411 |
| LMArena Korean | — | 1415 |
| LMArena Russian | — | 1428 |
| LMArena Spanish | — | 1448 |
Instruction Following Not comparable
Gemma 3 1B: —, GPT-5.6 Luna: 75.6 (#57)
| Benchmark | Gemma 3 1B | GPT-5.6 Luna |
|---|---|---|
| LMArena Instruction Following | — | 1437 |
Long Context Not comparable
Gemma 3 1B: —, GPT-5.6 Luna: 43.9 (#82)
| Benchmark | Gemma 3 1B | GPT-5.6 Luna |
|---|---|---|
| LMArena Longer Query | — | 1436 |
Writing & Preference Not comparable
Gemma 3 1B: —, GPT-5.6 Luna: 68.0 (#29)
| Benchmark | Gemma 3 1B | GPT-5.6 Luna |
|---|---|---|
| LMArena Text | — | 1431 |
| LMArena Creative Writing | — | 1396 |
| EQ-Bench Creative Writing | — | 1829 |
| EQ-Bench 4 | — | 1156 |
| LMArena Multi-Turn | — | 1434 |
Frequently asked questions
Is Gemma 3 1B better than GPT-5.6 Luna?
GPT-5.6 Luna is the stronger model overall, scoring 54.6 to 21.1 on the Noometry Index.
How many benchmarks do Gemma 3 1B and GPT-5.6 Luna share?
3 benchmarks have published results for both models. Gemma 3 1B has 4 scored results on Noometry and GPT-5.6 Luna has 52.