Model comparison
Gemma 3 1B vs GPT-3.5-turbo
GPT-3.5-turbo is the stronger model overall, scoring 23.2 to 21.1 on the Noometry Index.
Last verified . 3 shared benchmarks.
GoogleSummary
- They share 3 benchmarks with published results for both. Gemma 3 1B scores higher in 2 categories and GPT-3.5-turbo in 1 category; 3 gaps are clear of the uncertainty.
- The widest gap is in reasoning, where Gemma 3 1B leads 19.2 to 13.8.
- The biggest single-benchmark swing is GPQA Diamond: 19.9% for Gemma 3 1B and 28% for GPT-3.5-turbo.
- Gemma 3 1B has downloadable open weights; the other is API-only.
Side by side
| Gemma 3 1B | GPT-3.5-turbo | |
|---|---|---|
| Provider | OpenAI | |
| Noometry Index | 21.1 | 23.2 |
| Released | 2025-03-12 | 2023-03-01 |
| Weights | Open | Proprietary |
| Context window | — | 16K |
| Max output | — | 4K |
| Input $ / M tokens | — | $0.50 |
| Output $ / M tokens | — | $1.50 |
| Results tracked | 4 | 44 |
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Category by category
Coding Not comparable
Gemma 3 1B: —, GPT-3.5-turbo: 23.9 (#331)
| Benchmark | Gemma 3 1B | GPT-3.5-turbo |
|---|---|---|
| WeirdML | — | 3.5% |
| BigCodeBench Instruct | — | 39.1% |
| LMArena Coding | — | 1136 |
| BigCodeBench Complete | — | 50.6% |
| HumanEval+ | — | 70.7% |
| MBPP+ | — | 69.7% |
Agentic & Tool Use Not comparable
Gemma 3 1B: 13.7 (#152), GPT-3.5-turbo: —
| Benchmark | Gemma 3 1B | GPT-3.5-turbo |
|---|---|---|
| Berkeley Function Calling Leaderboard | 7.2% | — |
| METR Time Horizons | — | 21.5% |
Reasoning Gemma 3 1B leads
Gemma 3 1B: 19.2 (#264), GPT-3.5-turbo: 13.8 (#332)
| Benchmark | Gemma 3 1B | GPT-3.5-turbo |
|---|---|---|
| Chess Puzzles | 0% | 0% |
| LMArena Hard Prompts | — | 1108 |
| Mystery Game Puzzles | — | 3% |
| DTBench | — | 48.5% |
| LMCA | — | 9.7% |
| Adversarial NLI | — | 58.1% |
| BIG-Bench Hard | — | 61.6% |
| CommonsenseQA 2.0 | — | 57% |
| Epoch Capabilities Index | — | 118.55 |
| ForecastBench | — | 50.4 |
| WinoGrande | — | 81.6% |
Math Gemma 3 1B leads
Gemma 3 1B: 10.2 (#316), GPT-3.5-turbo: 6.3 (#327)
| Benchmark | Gemma 3 1B | GPT-3.5-turbo |
|---|---|---|
| OTIS Mock AIME 2024-2025 | 1.1% | 2.2% |
| FrontierMath (Tiers 1-3) | — | 0% |
| LMArena Math | — | 1142 |
| MATH Level 5 | — | 15.9% |
| GSM8K | — | 57.8% |
Knowledge GPT-3.5-turbo leads
Gemma 3 1B: 7.0 (#314), GPT-3.5-turbo: 10.0 (#303)
| Benchmark | Gemma 3 1B | GPT-3.5-turbo |
|---|---|---|
| GPQA Diamond | 19.9% | 28% |
| LMArena Expert | — | 1070 |
| ARC (AI2) Challenge | — | 87.4% |
| BoolQ | — | 87% |
| MMLU | — | 71.4% |
| OpenBookQA | — | 86% |
| TriviaQA | — | 85.8% |
Multilingual Not comparable
Gemma 3 1B: —, GPT-3.5-turbo: 31.5 (#258)
| Benchmark | Gemma 3 1B | GPT-3.5-turbo |
|---|---|---|
| LMArena Non-English | — | 1108 |
| LMArena Chinese | — | 1075 |
| LMArena French | — | 1118 |
| LMArena German | — | 1090 |
| LMArena Japanese | — | 1043 |
| LMArena Korean | — | 1019 |
| LMArena Russian | — | 1123 |
| LMArena Spanish | — | 1121 |
Instruction Following Not comparable
Gemma 3 1B: —, GPT-3.5-turbo: 57.9 (#262)
| Benchmark | Gemma 3 1B | GPT-3.5-turbo |
|---|---|---|
| LMArena Instruction Following | — | 1119 |
Long Context Not comparable
Gemma 3 1B: —, GPT-3.5-turbo: 34.0 (#254)
| Benchmark | Gemma 3 1B | GPT-3.5-turbo |
|---|---|---|
| LMArena Longer Query | — | 1121 |
Writing & Preference Not comparable
Gemma 3 1B: —, GPT-3.5-turbo: 25.3 (#305)
| Benchmark | Gemma 3 1B | GPT-3.5-turbo |
|---|---|---|
| LMArena Text | — | 1125 |
| LMArena Creative Writing | — | 1092 |
| EQ-Bench Creative Writing | — | 451 |
| LMArena Multi-Turn | — | 1117 |
Frequently asked questions
Is Gemma 3 1B better than GPT-3.5-turbo?
GPT-3.5-turbo is the stronger model overall, scoring 23.2 to 21.1 on the Noometry Index.
How many benchmarks do Gemma 3 1B and GPT-3.5-turbo share?
3 benchmarks have published results for both models. Gemma 3 1B has 4 scored results on Noometry and GPT-3.5-turbo has 44.