Model comparison
Gemma 3 12B vs o3
o3 is the stronger model overall, scoring 47.5 to 32.1 on the Noometry Index. Gemma 3 12B costs 47× less per token, which makes it the better buy when o3's lead doesn't matter for your workload.
Last verified . 21 shared benchmarks.
GoogleSummary
- They share 21 benchmarks with published results for both. Gemma 3 12B scores higher in 0 categories and o3 in 9 categories; 9 gaps are clear of the uncertainty.
- The widest gap is in knowledge, where o3 leads 54.6 to 26.5.
- The biggest single-benchmark swing is OTIS Mock AIME 2024-2025: 16.7% for Gemma 3 12B and 84.4% for o3.
- Gemma 3 12B is cheaper at $0.05 / $0.15 per million input/output tokens, against $2 / $8 for o3.
- o3 accepts more context: 200K tokens versus 131K.
- Gemma 3 12B has downloadable open weights; the other is API-only.
Side by side
| Gemma 3 12B | o3 | |
|---|---|---|
| Provider | OpenAI | |
| Noometry Index | 32.1 | 47.5 |
| Released | 2025-03-12 | 2025-04-16 |
| Weights | Open | Proprietary |
| Context window | 131K | 200K |
| Max output | 8K | 100K |
| Input $ / M tokens | $0.05 | $2 |
| Output $ / M tokens | $0.15 | $8 |
| Results tracked | 24 | 63 |
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Category by category
Coding o3 leads
Gemma 3 12B: 31.7 (#280), o3: 46.8 (#64)
| Benchmark | Gemma 3 12B | o3 |
|---|---|---|
| LMArena Coding | 1281 | 1408 |
| SWE-bench Verified | — | 62.3% |
| SWE-bench Verified (bash only) | — | 58.4% |
| Aider Polyglot | — | 81.3% |
| SciCode | 17.4% | — |
| GSO | — | 8.8% |
| WeirdML | — | 52.4% |
| CadEval | — | 74% |
| ALE-Bench | — | 933.55 |
Agentic & Tool Use o3 leads
Gemma 3 12B: 25.5 (#108), o3: 34.5 (#44)
| Benchmark | Gemma 3 12B | o3 |
|---|---|---|
| Berkeley Function Calling Leaderboard | 30.4% | 63% |
| GDPval | — | 30.8% |
| DeepResearch Bench | — | 45.2% |
| OSWorld | — | 23% |
| LMArena Search | — | 1144 |
| METR Time Horizons | — | 65.4% |
Reasoning o3 leads
Gemma 3 12B: 15.7 (#313), o3: 32.0 (#78)
| Benchmark | Gemma 3 12B | o3 |
|---|---|---|
| CritPt | 0% | 1.4% |
| Chess Puzzles | 0% | 38% |
| LMArena Hard Prompts | 1309 | 1402 |
| DTBench | 48.8% | 84.8% |
| LMCA | 4.5% | 39.7% |
| Epoch Capabilities Index | 123.5 | 146.86 |
| ARC-AGI-2 | — | 6.5% |
| SimpleBench | — | 53.1% |
| Kagi LLM Benchmark | — | 67.6% |
| ARC-AGI-1 | — | 60.8% |
| EnigmaEval | — | 13.1% |
| Mystery Game Puzzles | — | 29% |
| ForecastBench | — | 62.5 |
Math o3 leads
Gemma 3 12B: 22.3 (#279), o3: 50.2 (#58)
| Benchmark | Gemma 3 12B | o3 |
|---|---|---|
| OTIS Mock AIME 2024-2025 | 16.7% | 84.4% |
| LMArena Math | 1307 | 1426 |
| FrontierMath (Tiers 1-3) | — | 33.3% |
| Omni-MATH | — | 71.4% |
| MATH Level 5 | — | 97.8% |
| FrontierMath (Feb 2025 set) | — | 18.7% |
| FrontierMath Tier 4 (v1) | — | 2.1% |
Knowledge o3 leads
Gemma 3 12B: 26.5 (#257), o3: 54.6 (#52)
| Benchmark | Gemma 3 12B | o3 |
|---|---|---|
| GPQA Diamond | 39.5% | 81.8% |
| LMArena Expert | 1248 | 1402 |
| Humanity's Last Exam | — | 20.3% |
| SimpleQA Verified | — | 49.4% |
| MMLU-Pro | — | 85.9% |
| Confabulations | — | 14.4% |
| Vectara Hallucination Rate | 4.4% | — |
| GPQA (HELM) | — | 75.3% |
Multimodal Not comparable
Gemma 3 12B: —, o3: 41.4 (#36)
| Benchmark | Gemma 3 12B | o3 |
|---|---|---|
| LMArena Vision | — | 1214 |
| GeoBench | — | 74% |
| VPCT | — | 52% |
| MindCube | 46.7% | — |
Multilingual o3 leads
Gemma 3 12B: 45.7 (#165), o3: 51.7 (#105)
| Benchmark | Gemma 3 12B | o3 |
|---|---|---|
| LMArena Non-English | 1318 | 1401 |
| LMArena German | 1370 | 1420 |
| LMArena Russian | 1335 | 1406 |
| LMArena Chinese | — | 1437 |
| LMArena French | — | 1430 |
| LMArena Japanese | — | 1403 |
| LMArena Korean | — | 1370 |
| LMArena Spanish | — | 1395 |
Instruction Following o3 leads
Gemma 3 12B: 68.6 (#186), o3: 72.8 (#127)
| Benchmark | Gemma 3 12B | o3 |
|---|---|---|
| LMArena Instruction Following | 1299 | 1368 |
| IFEval | — | 86.9% |
Long Context o3 leads
Gemma 3 12B: 40.0 (#162), o3: 53.3 (#6)
| Benchmark | Gemma 3 12B | o3 |
|---|---|---|
| LMArena Longer Query | 1317 | 1372 |
| Fiction.LiveBench | — | 88.9% |
| CL-bench | — | 17.8% |
Writing & Preference o3 leads
Gemma 3 12B: 47.5 (#209), o3: 63.5 (#64)
| Benchmark | Gemma 3 12B | o3 |
|---|---|---|
| LMArena Text | 1334 | 1410 |
| LMArena Creative Writing | 1331 | 1359 |
| EQ-Bench Creative Writing | 1126 | 1676 |
| LMArena Multi-Turn | 1334 | 1405 |
| Short-Story Creative Writing | — | 83.9% |
| WildBench | — | 86.1% |
Frequently asked questions
Is Gemma 3 12B better than o3?
o3 is the stronger model overall, scoring 47.5 to 32.1 on the Noometry Index. Gemma 3 12B costs 47× less per token, which makes it the better buy when o3's lead doesn't matter for your workload.
Which is cheaper, Gemma 3 12B or o3?
Gemma 3 12B is cheaper. It lists at $0.05 per million input tokens and $0.15 per million output tokens; o3 lists at $2 and $8.
Is Gemma 3 12B or o3 better for coding?
o3 scores higher on coding benchmarks: 46.8 versus 31.7 in the Noometry coding category.
Which has the bigger context window?
o3 does, with 200K tokens against 131K.
How many benchmarks do Gemma 3 12B and o3 share?
21 benchmarks have published results for both models. Gemma 3 12B has 24 scored results on Noometry and o3 has 63.